Reminder on graphic art and its techniques
Grafika je rad koji nastaje ručnim, mehaničkim i hemijskim procesima prenošenja otiska sa matrice na papir.
Drvorez – grafička tehnika visoke štampe kome kao matrica služi drvo na kome se izdubljuje željena kompozicija, a bojom se premazuju izbočenja. Evropski drvorez bliži je crtežu, a japanski slici
Linorez – grafička tehnnika visoke štampe kome kao matrica služi
ploča linoleuma, a bojom se premazuju izbočenja. Krka tehnika i teže je praviti
veći broj otisaka.
Bakrorez – grafička tehnika duboke štampe kome kao matrica služi
cinkova ili bakarna ploča na kojoj se iglom urezje crtež, a udubljenja se
ispunjavaju bojom. Karakteriše ga linearna čistota i reljefnost
Bakropis – hemijska grafička tehnika duboke štampe, na bakarnoj
očišćenoj i matiranoj ploči nanosi se bitumeska presvlaka koja je otporna na
dejstvo kiseline, na kojoj se tankom iglom gravira crtež, stavlja se u rastvor
azotne kiseline, posle nekog vremena skida se zaštitni sloj, opere ploča koja
je spremna za duboku štampu
Litografija – grafička tehnika ravne štampe sa kamene ploče na koju
se nanosi crtež, ploča se nagriza gumiarabikom i azotnom kiselinom, a štampa se
zasniva na principu adhezije između masnoće i boje.
Akvatinta – gtafička tehnnika duboke štampe kojoj kao matrica služi
metalna ploča, ispolirana preko koje se nanosi prah smole (asfalt i
kolofonijum), podvrgava se topljenju, potom izlaže delovima kiseline. Pruža
bogatu tosku gradaciju
Mecotinta – grafička tehnika duboke štampe, matrica se izrađuje
mehaničkim putem. Spora tehnika koja zahteva preciznost i strplivost.
Suva igla - grafička tehnika
duboke štampe, dobijena mehaničkim metodom direktnog graviranja u metalnu
ploču, karakteristična po baršunastim linijama
Monotipija – može se napraviti samo jedan otisak, zbog toga je na
granici prigvatanja u grafičke tehnike
Sito štampa – tehnika propusne štampe sa matricom od svile na
različitim materijalima.
Linogravura-grafička tehnika pri kojoj se koristi igla za iscrtavanje po ploči od linoleuma.
Fotolitografija-grafička tehnika koja koristi elemente fotografije i litografije.
Hektografija-grafička tehnika pri kojoj se koristi želatin u posebnom ramu, na koji se nanose pripremljena mastila i potom otiskuju.
Aquatint-a graphic art technique of high imprint where metal plate is used as a stencil, polished and resin dust is applied (asphalt and camphor), it's exposed to melting than parts of acid. It gives a rich tone gradation.
Mezzotint-a graphic technique of high print, stencil is build mechanically. Slow technique that required precision and patience.
Drypoint-a graphic art technique of high print, achieved with mechanical method of directly engraving into the metal point, its characteristic are velvety lines.
Monotyping-it can create only one imprint, that's why it's on the edge of being accepted into graphic art techniques.
Screen printing-technique of permeable printing with a matrix made of silk on different materials.
Linocutting-a graphic art technique in which a needle is used for creating images on a linoleum plate.
Linogravura-grafička tehnika pri kojoj se koristi igla za iscrtavanje po ploči od linoleuma.
Fotolitografija-grafička tehnika koja koristi elemente fotografije i litografije.
Hektografija-grafička tehnika pri kojoj se koristi želatin u posebnom ramu, na koji se nanose pripremljena mastila i potom otiskuju.
Graphic art is an artwork made by hand, mechanical and chemical processes transporting imprint from stencil onto paper.
Woodcut-a graphic art technique of high print where wood is used as a stencil in which a desired composition is created and then colour covers the highest areas. European woodcut is closer to drawing and Japanese to painting.
Linocut-a graphic art technique of high print where linoleum is used a stencil and then highest areas are covered by colour. This is a fragile technique so its harder to create multiple imprints.
Chalcography-a graphic art technique of high print where zinc or copper plate is engraved by a needle and colour is applied on the engravings. It's characteristics are clear lines.
Etching-chemical graphic art technique of high print where bitumen resistant to acid is applied on clean matte plate and then a thin needle is used for creating a drawing. A plate is then placed in nitric acid solution, after a while the protective layer is removed, the plate washed and ready for printing.
Lithography-a graphic art technique of flat print from a stone plate on which the drawing is applied, plate is mordated by gum arabic and nitric acid and print is based on the principles of adhesion between oil and colour.Etching-chemical graphic art technique of high print where bitumen resistant to acid is applied on clean matte plate and then a thin needle is used for creating a drawing. A plate is then placed in nitric acid solution, after a while the protective layer is removed, the plate washed and ready for printing.
Aquatint-a graphic art technique of high imprint where metal plate is used as a stencil, polished and resin dust is applied (asphalt and camphor), it's exposed to melting than parts of acid. It gives a rich tone gradation.
Mezzotint-a graphic technique of high print, stencil is build mechanically. Slow technique that required precision and patience.
Drypoint-a graphic art technique of high print, achieved with mechanical method of directly engraving into the metal point, its characteristic are velvety lines.
Monotyping-it can create only one imprint, that's why it's on the edge of being accepted into graphic art techniques.
Screen printing-technique of permeable printing with a matrix made of silk on different materials.
Linocutting-a graphic art technique in which a needle is used for creating images on a linoleum plate.
Photolithography-graphic art technique that combines elements of photography and lithography.
Hectograph-a graphic art technique in which gelatin pad puled on a metal frame is used for duplicating the image prepared with special inks.
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